HTS heading 8419 · Chapter 84, Machinery, mechanical appliances and computers
US imports of Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment
Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment, whether or not electrically heated (excluding furnaces, ovens and other equipment of heading 8514), for the treatment of materials by a process involving a change of temperature such as heating, cooking, roasting, distilling, rectifying, sterilizing, pasteurizing, steaming, drying, evaporating, vaporizing, condensing or cooling, other than machinery or plant of a kind used for domestic purposes; instantaneous or storage water heaters, nonelectric; parts thereof
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, USA Trade Online / International Trade API, imports for consumption, March–July 2026; effective duty = calculated duty ÷ dutiable value.
US imports under HTS 8419 at a glance
Between March and July 2026, US importers entered $5.13 billion of machinery, plant or laboratory equipment under HTS heading 8419, from 50 of the 55 origin countries covered here and across 44 ten-digit tariff lines — roughly $1.03 billion a month of customs value under a single four-digit heading.
Chapter 84 covers machinery, mechanical appliances and computers; heading 8419 is one of its larger entries by value, which is why the duty treatment below is worth checking line by line.
Top origin countries by share of HTS 8419
Origin countries: value, share and duty paid
| Origin | Import value | Share | Dutiable share | Effective duty | Duty per $100 | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mexico | $1.05 billion | 20.4% | 21.6% | 16.68% | $3.59 | |
| Taiwan | $752 million | 14.7% | 97.8% | 13.37% | $13.08 | Duty on 8419.89.95 |
| Canada | $498 million | 9.7% | 7.5% | 20.16% | $1.52 | |
| China | $454 million | 8.9% | 99.4% | 31.22% | $31.03 | Duty on 8419.90.30 China lane |
| Germany | $406 million | 7.9% | 95.2% | 12.79% | $12.18 | Duty on 8419.89.95 |
| South Korea | $278 million | 5.4% | 97.2% | 9.92% | $9.63 | Duty on 8419.11.00 |
| Italy | $230 million | 4.5% | 97.6% | 11.88% | $11.60 | Duty on 8419.81.90 Italy lane |
| United Kingdom | $210 million | 4.1% | 66.9% | 11.19% | $7.49 | Duty on 8419.50.10 |
| Japan | $178 million | 3.5% | 85.1% | 11.97% | $10.18 | Duty on 8419.11.00 |
| Thailand | $177 million | 3.5% | 99.1% | 10.64% | $10.54 | Duty on 8419.89.95 Thailand lane |
| India | $163 million | 3.2% | 88.9% | 12.46% | $11.08 | Duty on 8419.50.50 India lane |
| Sweden | $93.1 million | 1.8% | 96.5% | 14.35% | $13.85 | Duty on 8419.50.50 |
| Switzerland | $87.6 million | 1.7% | 98.2% | 11.75% | $11.54 | Duty on 8419.81.90 |
| France | $77.6 million | 1.5% | 78.4% | 18.43% | $14.45 | Duty on 8419.50.50 |
| Netherlands | $58.7 million | 1.1% | 94.1% | 13% | $12.23 | Duty on 8419.90.95 |
Who exports machinery, plant or laboratory equipment to the United States
No single country owns this heading. Mexico is the largest origin at 20.4% ($1.05 billion), but the top three combined reach only 44.8% and 50 origins ship into the heading at all. Sourcing this spread out usually means the specification is broadly available and switching origins is a commercial decision rather than an engineering one.
Mexico and Canada sit near the top of the table, and the duty numbers reflect it: Mexico entered 78.5% of its value free of duty and Canada entered 92.5% of its value free of duty. Cargo that qualifies under USMCA and is claimed correctly at entry pays nothing; cargo that does not qualify, or that is never claimed, pays the ordinary rate. The certification is the whole difference.
What importers actually paid in duty
Duty treatment is split. 70.5% of the entered value was dutiable and the rest came in free, usually under a trade agreement or a duty-free provision in the tariff schedule. CBP collected $553 million in all, an effective 15.3% on the dutiable value and $10.79 per $100 of goods once the free entries are counted.
The spread between origins is real. Among origins with at least 2% of the heading, China paid the most duty relative to value — $31.03 per $100 — while Canada paid $1.52. On a $250,000 purchase order that gap is about $74,000 in duty alone, which is worth pricing into a sourcing decision rather than discovering on the entry summary.
10-digit tariff lines under HTS 8419
| HTS code | Description | Import value | Share | Duty per $100 | Largest origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8419.89.95.40 | Other | $870 million | 17% | $12.20 | Taiwan |
| 8419.50.50.00 | — | $726 million | 14.2% | $14.83 | Mexico |
| 8419.89.95.85 | Other | $574 million | 11.2% | $10.14 | Canada |
| 8419.90.30.00 | — | $476 million | 9.3% | $9.51 | China |
| 8419.90.95.80 | Other | $377 million | 7.4% | $12.26 | Taiwan |
| 8419.81.90.40 | Of a type used in restaurants, hotels or similar locations | $357 million | 7% | $7.29 | Canada |
| 8419.11.00.00 | — | $253 million | 4.9% | $8.44 | South Korea |
| 8419.50.10.00 | — | $252 million | 4.9% | $14.78 | United Kingdom |
| 8419.19.01.60 | — | $234 million | 4.5% | $0.49 | Mexico |
| 8419.39.02.80 | — | $138 million | 2.7% | $8.55 | South Korea |
| 8419.81.90.80 | Other | $125 million | 2.4% | $8.72 | Switzerland |
| 8419.89.95.90 | Other | $122 million | 2.4% | $9.98 | Canada |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, USA Trade Online / International Trade API, imports for consumption, March–July 2026; effective duty = calculated duty ÷ dutiable value.
The 10-digit lines under heading 8419
44 ten-digit lines carried trade under this heading in the period. The largest, 8419.89.95.40 (other), took 17% of the heading at $870 million. 8419.50.50.00, 8419.89.95.85 and 8419.90.30.00 follow. Rates diverge between those lines, so the classification your broker files is worth checking against the goods rather than carried over from the last entry.
What the duty stack looks like
The rate on an entry is not one number. It is a stack: the general (column 1) rate for the 10-digit line, less any trade-agreement preference the goods qualify for, plus whatever additional duties apply to that product and origin, all applied to the customs value declared. The $10.79 per $100 above is what that stack averaged across every entry in this heading — a benchmark, not a quote.
For the origins carrying the most volume, the per-country breakdowns go a level deeper: Taiwan (8419.89.95), China (8419.90.30) and Germany (8419.89.95). To price a specific shipment, put your 10-digit code and country of origin into the tariff simulator.
What this means for your next shipment
The practical sequence is: confirm the 10-digit line against the actual goods, confirm origin under the substantial-transformation rules rather than the shipping address, then price the duty on that pair. Airlift USA moves the cargo and coordinates classification and entry filing through our licensed broker network, so the code agreed at booking is the one on the entry.
For the operational side rather than the tariff side, see the Heavy Machinery & Industrial Equipment guide for how this cargo moves, the China to USA lane for transit times and ports and the heading index to compare against the rest of chapter 84.
Price a shipment under HTS 8419
Airlift USA has moved ocean and air freight into the United States since 1999 and coordinates HTS classification, ISF and entry filing through our licensed broker network.
Methodology
Figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau's international trade statistics for imports for consumption — the customs value of goods entered into US commerce, not shipments in transit or goods held in bonded warehouses. The period is March–July 2026 (5 months of data), and coverage is limited to 55 major origin countries, so totals here are lower than published US-wide totals for the same heading.
Three quantities are additive and everything else is derived from them: entered customs value, dutiable value and calculated duty. Effective duty is calculated duty divided by dutiable value — the rate CBP actually applied to the part of the trade that was dutiable. Dutiable share is dutiable value divided by entered value; below 20% it means the trade entered mostly free, under a trade agreement or a duty-free provision. Duty per $100 spreads calculated duty across all entered value, which is the figure comparable between origins.
Chapter 98 and chapter 99 are excluded: those are special classification and temporary-measure provisions rather than product headings. Heading and tariff-line descriptions are the current HTS text. Values are historical and reflect duty as calculated at the time of entry; they are not a quote and not a prediction of the rate on a future shipment.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, USA Trade Online / International Trade API, imports for consumption, March–July 2026; effective duty = calculated duty ÷ dutiable value. Census data is a work of the US government and is in the public domain.
Frequently asked questions
Which countries export the most machinery, plant or laboratory equipment to the United States?
Mexico is the largest origin under HTS heading 8419, with $1.05 billion entered between March and July 2026, or 20.4% of the heading. Taiwan follows at 14.7% and Canada at 9.7%. Figures cover the 55 major origin countries in this dataset. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, USA Trade Online / International Trade API, imports for consumption, March–July 2026; effective duty = calculated duty ÷ dutiable value.
How much import duty is paid on machinery, plant or laboratory equipment under HTS 8419?
Across all origins, 70.5% of the entered value was dutiable and CBP calculated $553 million of duty over the five months — an effective 15.3% on dutiable value, or about $10.79 per $100 of goods across the whole heading. Your own rate depends on the exact 10-digit line and country of origin.
Which HTS codes fall under heading 8419?
Heading 8419 covers machinery, plant or laboratory equipment, whether or not electrically heated (excluding furnaces, ovens and other equipment of heading 8514), for the treatment of materials by a process involving a change of temperature such as heating, cooking, roasting, distilling, rectifying, sterilizing, pasteurizing, steaming, drying, evaporating, vaporizing, condensing or cooling, other than machinery or plant of a kind used for domestic purposes; instantaneous or storage water heaters, nonelectric; parts thereof. 44 ten-digit lines recorded imports in this period; the largest by value were 8419.89.95.40, 8419.50.50.00, 8419.89.95.85 and 8419.90.30.00. Duty rates differ between those lines, so the 10-digit classification matters more than the heading.
Which origin pays the lowest duty on machinery, plant or laboratory equipment?
Among origins with at least 2% of the heading, Canada paid the least duty relative to entered value — about $1.52 per $100 of goods, with 92.5% of its value entering free. Duty is only one part of landed cost, and a claim has to be substantiated at entry to be allowed.
How do I check the duty on my own shipment?
Use the Airlift USA tariff simulator with your 10-digit HTS code and country of origin to see the duty stack that applies today, then confirm the classification before you file. Airlift USA coordinates classification and entry filing through our licensed broker network and can review the code against your product specification.